What is the scientific study of rocks referred to as?

The scientific study of rocks is referred to as geology. This discipline encompasses the study of the Earth's solid materials, including their composition, structure, and the processes that shape them over time. Geology examines how geological formations are created and transformed, including the mechanisms of weathering, erosion, and tectonic activity. It plays a crucial role in understanding Earth’s history and the resources contained within the planet's crust.

The other fields mentioned focus on different aspects; geography studies the Earth's landscapes, environments, and how humans interact with them. Paleontology is the study of ancient life through fossils, while archaeology explores past human civilizations and cultures through material remains. Each field has its distinct focus, separate from the study of rocks and geological processes.