What is the term for a mound of material built up to protect the coast from flooding?

The term that best describes a mound of material constructed to protect the coast from flooding is "embankment." An embankment serves as a raised barrier or wall made from soil, rock, or other materials. Its primary function is to prevent floodwaters from encroaching on low-lying areas near the coast, providing a safeguard for both natural habitats and human settlements.

Understanding the role of an embankment is crucial in coastal management, as it can effectively reduce the risk of erosion and flooding in vulnerable areas. The design and construction of embankments take into consideration local geographical features, the potential for natural disasters like storm surges, and the overall ecosystem balance.

In contrast, other terms may refer to different structures or strategies for coastal defense or management. A barrier is a broader term that includes various types of structures but does not specifically denote a raised mound of material. Retreat refers to the strategic withdrawal of coastal settlements and defenses in response to erosion or rising sea levels, and a breakwater is a specific type of coastal structure designed to protect harbors from wave action, but it is not primarily intended for flood protection.