What type of coral reef grows near the coastline, separated by shallow lagoons?

A fringing reef is a type of coral reef that develops close to a coastline, typically occurring in the warm, shallow waters along the shore. These reefs are directly attached to the land and are separated from it by a shallow lagoon. This lagoon provides a protected environment for various marine species and allows for the growth of corals, which thrive in conditions of ample sunlight and relatively stable temperatures.

Fringing reefs can form around islands, along continental slopes, and are usually the first type of reef to be found when diving into coastal waters. The proximity to the shore allows these reefs to receive nutrients from terrestrial sources, contributing to their biodiversity and ecological importance. In contrast, other reef types like barrier reefs and atolls are typically found further offshore and do not have the same coastal association.