Which of the following is commonly associated with coastal ecosystems?

Coastal ecosystems are characterized by their unique habitats, which include mangroves, wetlands, estuaries, and other natural barriers. These ecosystems play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity, protecting shorelines from erosion, providing nursery grounds for marine life, and filtering pollutants from the water. Mangroves, for instance, serve as an important interface between land and sea, stabilizing coastlines and offering a rich habitat for various species.

Natural barriers like mangroves and wetlands are essential in supporting marine and terrestrial life, as they provide food, shelter, and breeding grounds for numerous organisms. These ecosystems also contribute to the overall health of coastal environments by enhancing water quality and mitigating flooding impacts.

While industrial development, deforestation, and urbanization can significantly influence coastal areas, they are often associated with negative consequences, such as habitat loss and pollution. In contrast, natural barriers are vital components of healthy coastal ecosystems, making them the correct association in the context of this question.